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For an isolated-margin position, the approximate formulas are:
Long: entry × (1 − 1/leverage + MMR)
Short: entry × (1 + 1/leverage − MMR)
MMR is the maintenance margin rate — the small buffer the exchange keeps so it can close your position before your margin hits zero. Real liquidation prices vary slightly by exchange because of tiered margin brackets, trading fees and funding payments, so treat this as a close estimate, not gospel.
At 10x leverage, a move of roughly 9.5% against you wipes the position. At 50x, about 1.5%. Bitcoin regularly moves 1.5% in an hour. Most liquidations don't happen because the trader was wrong about direction — they happen because the position was too big to survive normal noise. That's why the second calculator exists: decide what you're willing to lose first, and let that number choose your position size. Never the other way around.